Geomorphology Lab 3 Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geomorphology 3 - Lab Report Example Further, a model for predicting age can be succinctly tested based on weathering degree. The class split into three groups and recorded the varying degrees of weathering for different tombstones at the Murray Cemetry. The characteristics of the 20 tombstones were recorded by each group. The characteristics recorded for each tombstone include height, width, length, name, thickness at bottom and thickness at top, texture, lithology, tilt and visual weathering class. The data obtained were entered into an excel spreadsheet as shown in the result section. As shown in the above the graph, with the help of a best fit line, there is a general trend observed between weathering class and age. A positive gradient indicates that there is a positive relationship between the two and as the age increases so does the weathering class of tombstone increases. As shown in the graph, there is a general trend between weathering class and height of the tombstone. The equation gives a positive gradient, showing that as the height increases there is a positive effect on the weathering class. The weathering class increases with increase in height. A line of best fit, as shown in the graph, indicates that there is a considerable relationship between weathering class and length. The graph shows that an increase observed in length leads to an increase in weathering class. The positive gradient shows that there is a positive relationship between the two. The results obtained were able to support the initially listed hypotheses. For age, there was observed consistency in its relationship with weathering class as shown in the graph. Hence, from the methodology used, the hypothesis â€Å"The degree of tombstone weathering is related to tombstone age† is sufficiently supported because there was observed consistency with a positive gradient. The results supported hypothesis two which stated that â€Å"The degree of tombstone weathering relies on the height of the tombstone† given

Culver City Essay Example for Free

Culver City Essay Because of the changes that have taken place in the nursing home industry throughout the past decade, service area competitor analyses have become an increasingly important aspect of environmental analysis. The process of service area competitor analysis involves first of all an identification of the service category for analysis. It then moves on to include identifying of competitors, determining the strengths and weaknesses of rivals, and anticipating their moves based on the analysis of the data collected. The service area selected for this particular analysis is the Culver City nursing home industry. The market for nursing home care in Culver City, California is changing rapidly and has been considered a buyer’s market for specialty care. The population of Culver City in relation to the number of senior citizens is an important consideration in the decision to enter the nursing home market in this city. The number of persons each nursing home usually takes is in the range of 80 to 85% of its carrying capacity (Pandya, 2001). One must not forget that â€Å"the demand for nursing home care [is] driven by the availability of financing† (Willging, 2003). Also notable is that approximately 36% of seniors have been financing nursing-home care out of pocket (2001). In carrying out a service area competitor analysis upon this city, it is necessary to take a look at such aspects as its financial and economic situation, the demographics, and the trends that might derive from them. It will also be necessary to assess the strategies being pursued by the nursing homes that service the area and the consumer reaction to these policies. According to the analysis of the Culver City finance budget, the city began a period of economic growth in the late 1990’s where the property taxes began reflecting an increase in the value of real estate and overall taxes represented a general increase in per capita income. Over the period the city was able to sustain both low inflation and unemployment rates. Investment grew almost three fold, according to the Dow Jones Industrial, S P 500, and the Nasdaq composite charts (City of Culver City, 485-86). However, economic growth has plateauxed since 2001, and the employment rate that had fallen from 9 to 3. 9 percent, has risen up to approximately six percent (485). Across the United States, the health care industry has had to cope with economic changes resulting from rising medical costs. The Culver City population sustained a growth of 47% between the years 1990 and 2000 (â€Å"City Population,† p. 2). The records of the Culver City Redevelopment Agency reveal that the population of the city is 39,119. On average, there are about 16,826 households represented in the area, and the income for the average household is about $76,013 per annum. The income for the average family household amounts to $90,930. The Culver City trade area extends beyond this. If the area considered extends to a three mile radius beyond the hub of the city, the population increases 305,287 and boasts an average family income of $79,689. Within a five mile radius live about 852,147 people, and the inclusion of this population brings the average household income back up to $87,820. The median age of Culver City is 40, and 84% of all the adults of this city have attained at least a high school education. Thirty five percent of these adults have also attained at least a bachelor’s degree in higher education. The population is distributed mainly among persons of Caucasian, Hispanic, African American and Asian origins. Forty-six percent of the inhabitants are white, 25% are Hispanic, 12% are Asian and another 12% are African American. The remaining 5% are of unknown or â€Å"other† origin (â€Å"Demographics†). In Culver City is a rather prosperous community. Only 2. 96% of the population earns less than $20,000 per year. Those who live on an amount between $20,000 and $50,000 amount to 13. 46% and another 22. 37% live within the next tier level, between $50,000 and $75,000. Seventeen percent live on $75,001 to $100,000, and a third of all the people live on an income higher than $100,000. Approximately 16% of the Culver City residents are over sixty years old (â€Å"Demographics†). For strategic management purposes it is dangerous to consider the over-65 group as a homogeneous one (Willging, 2003). Shifts in demographic and increases in lifespan have changed the make-up and the desires of the aging population (Ginter, et al. 2006, p. 6). The senior citizens and retiree demographic in Culver City has been divided into three groups for the sake of consumer analysis. The retirement group has a median income of approximately $53,000 which is about $11,000 higher than the national average. Non-whites are represent about 43% of this group and approximately 35% of this group has attained a bachelor’s (or higher) degree. This group is likely on average to spend a mid-to-high amount on entertainment, but spends a bit lower on average on health care, presumably because not all retirees are senior citizens (Artsmarket, 2002, p. 12-13). The active senior singles group has a median income of $32,000, which is also higher than the national median. They participate in many health activities and have a medium-to-high likelihood of spending money on health. The portion of none whites in this group is approximately 22%, and 25. 7% percent of the members of the active senior singles group have attained college degrees (Artsmarket, 2002, p. 14-15). The prosperous older couples group has a median income of approximately $67,500, which is an astounding $32,000 higher than the national median. Thirty percent of these have attained bachelor’s degrees (or higher) and people of color make up 29 % of the group. Their likelihood of spending on health care is in the high range (Artsmarket, 2002, p. 16-17). The city’s economic situation presents costs and benefits to any prospective nursing-home business venture. The fixed costs of entering the market would be considerable, but the increased unemployment rate (up from 3. 9 percent) would make the price of labor a little more affordable than in recent years. A favorable thing for businesses is the tax rebate program that has been instituted by the city to encourage new business. This grants them tax relief from either business or utility users’ tax (â€Å"City of Culver City, 489). A new entrant into the nursing home industry in Culver City must consider the quality of care that is to be provided by that business entity. The general problems with funding being experienced by nursing homes across the country has led not just to many law suits and eventual bankruptcy, but to the loss of customers to competitors (Day, 2005). Culver City customers also require not just a variety but quality of service. Variety will be an asset; however, as there is great intensity of rivalry among existing organizations, and the nursing home industry is experiencing rapid growth driven by the demographic and social trends mentioned above. It must be noted, for example, that a good portion of the seniors are educated, and â€Å"educated seniors tend to be more knowledgeable and have higher expectations of a facility† (Willging, 2003). The significant portion of non-whites must also be considered and real attempts made to cater and appeal to them. In addition, it must be noted that a vast majority of these seniors have lived active lives; therefore, facilities which cater to this would be magnetic to their tastes. The competitors in the Culver City nursing home industry, though they provide adequate care and the necessary facilities, can be categorized into four groups that denote they quality of service they offer as well as the level of reimbursement that they require for those services. For this service area nursing home facilities are pursuing four basic strategies: high price with highly specialized services (strategic group 1), low price with few ancillary services (strategic group 2), medium price with some services, (strategic group 3), and high price with many services (strategic group 4). Customers who seek the attributes of one strategic group, such as highly specialized rehabilitation services, are unlikely to be attracted to another strategic group. A good idea for a newcomer in the nursing home market is to choose the group to which it is best able to cater, and possibly to diversify the scope of the service by offering one or two (not many) extra services. Then, concentrate on providing the best service possible in that group. Diversity does exist in the consumer groups, but this information must be acted upon with care. Early retirees, for example, who might need nursing home care, may not yet qualify for state or federal assisted care (Clinton, 1993). Medicare and Medicaid provide full coverage to only about 9% of seniors, and many are forced to pay out of pocket (Day, 2005). The figures have shown that many Culver City seniors can afford this, but paying out of pocket means that the consumers will be even more unlikely to accept less than the best care. This look at the nursing home industry as it exists in Culver City has revealed that, though a â€Å"buyers’ market† exists and the competition is very high, a newcomer in the market might still have a chance to win a significant market share. This must be done by paying attention to the demographic as well as the economic situations that have the power to affect the market. The psychographic and demographic aspects show that a diversity of services must be offered and that any newcomer desiring be successful in such a competitive and demanding market must be willing to (carefully) diversify. References ArtsMarket. (2002). City of Culver City: Acorn Cluster Lifestyles and Local Profiles. Bozeman: Author. www. artmarket. com City of Culver City. (2004). â€Å"Fiscal 2004-05 Adopted City Budget. † Budget and Finance. Author. http://www. culvercity. org/citygov/budgetfinance/depts_budgfinanc. html â€Å"City Population. † (2001). Redistricting Committee. Oregon State Legislature. http://www. leg. state. or. us/comm/redistricting/citypop. pdf Clinton, Bill. (1993). Remarks and a question-and-answer session with the AARP on health care in Culver City, California. Weekly compilation of presidential documents. News and Society. http://www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m2889/is_n40_v29/ai_14550594 Day, Thomas. (2005). â€Å"About Nursing Homes. † Guide to long term care planning. National Care Planning Council. http://www. longtermcarelink. net/about_nursing_homes. html â€Å"Demographics. † City of Culver City. http://www. culvercity. org Ginter, P. M. , Swayne, L. E. and Duncan, W. J. (2006). Strategic management of health care organizations. 4th ed. Malden: Blackwell. Pandya, Sheel. â€Å"Nursing Homes. † Policy and research for professionals in aging. AARP. http://www. aarp. org/research/longtermcare/nursinghomes/aresearch-import-669- FS10R. html Redevelopment Agency of Culver City. â€Å"Community Profile. † City of Culver City. Culver City: Government. http://www. culvercity. org/citygov/redevelop/demogr. html Willging, Paul. R. (2003). â€Å"Don’t let demographics fool you. † Nursing Homes. Aug. 2003. http://www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3830/is_8_52/ai_108198554

Exploration of Brain Processes in Reading

Exploration of Brain Processes in Reading Studies into the human cognition of reading tend to use Experimental Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience and Cognitive Neuropsychology approaches for developing further knowledge of the processes involved in the reading of language. The experimental cognitive psychology approach designs laboratory experiments to reveal the processes which are involved in the human cognition being researched. The experiments are considered to be a scientific way of researching, as they are highly controlled. (Eysenck and Keane 2010) Using this approach in understanding the processes of reading, involves the use of certain tasks in order to study these processes. The cognitive neuroscience approach involves intensive studying of the brain and behaviour. Due to advances in technology, there are now many different techniques available for studying the brain. These techniques obtain detailed information about the way the brain functions and the structure of it. From these techniques researchers can work out where and when in the brain specific cognitive processes occur, as well as determine the order in which parts of the brain become active when a person performs a task. Researchers can also find out whether tasks involve the same parts of the brain in the same way, and establish if there are any important differences in the parts of the brain used. (Eysenck and Keane 2010) Cognitive Neuropsychology looks at the patterns of cognitive performance shown by brain – damaged patients, as this can tell us a lot about human cognition. For example, Epelbaum et al (2008 as cited by Cummine, Dai, Borowsky, Gould, Rollans and Boliek 2013) observed a patient who had developed pure alexia; this is the ability to perform letter by letter reading, but not whole word reading. The patient developed alexia following a small surgical lesion which damaged the left interior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) just behind the putative visual word form area (VWFA). Hanley and McDonnel (1997 as cited by Eysenck and Keane 2010) studied Patient PS, who understood the meaning of words when reading, but could not pronounce them. From this research it was suggested that phonological processing is accessed after word meaning when reading. However, there are issues with using this approach to explaining reading and the processes which are involved, as sometimes the impact of brain d amage on cognitive performances may be camouflaged because patients can develop compensatory strategies. Reicher (1969 as cited by Eysenck and Keane 2010) studied the word superiority effect, by briefly presenting a letter string followed by a pattern mask, participants then had to decide which letter was in a particular position. Reciher found that participant’s performance was better when the letter string formed a word. Rayner and Sereno (1994 as cited by Eysenck and Keane 2010) studied word recognition to assess whether this was automatic or not, they found the Stroop effect, this is when a colour e.g. ‘Orange’ is printed in a different colour e.g. Red, they found participants took more time to answer than when the colour was printed in either the same colour font or just in black, suggesting that we are not consciously aware of word recognition. Rastle and Brysbaert (2006 as cited by Eysenck and Keane 2010) carried out a meta-analysis of various studies of participants completing lexical decision and naming tasks. From the analysis it was found that when words were preceded by primes similar to them in terms of phonology they were processed faster than those words similar to them in terms of spelling. These findings suggest that phonological processing occurs automatically and rapidly. Yates (2005 as cited by Eysenck and Keane 2010) used both lexical decision making and naming tasks within their research, to support the assumption that phonological processing is used in visual processing. Yates’s research found that within both of these tasks, when words which have many phonological neighbours (words which differ in one syllable from each other) are fixated on for less time than those with fewer phonological neighbours. There are a number of issues and limitations within the experimental cognitive psychology approach. Often, the cognitive tasks involve the use of a complex mixture of different processes and it is hard to interpret the findings, for example, the Stroop Effect mentioned above, it is difficult to interpret what processes are actively involved in interpreting the colour of the word and reading it. Often the way the studies are controlled can limit how ecologically valid they are, for example in the lexical decision tasks participants have to decide if a string of letters forms a word and in the naming tasks they have to as quickly as possible pronounce visually presented words. Within these tasks normal reading times of participants are disrupted by the requirement to respond to the task, therefore can the results be generalised to real life and the wider population? Also, as both of the tasks, are not tasks we often engage in when reading normally, this can also impact on how true to real life the results are. There are also issues when interpreting the task performance results, as it provides us with indirect evidence about the internal processes involved in the cognition of reading, and it is difficult to decide at what time processes occur, whether they are at the same time, with some overlap, or at different times. For example, in Rastle and Brysbaert’s study it is unsure from the results whether phonological processing occurs before word meaning is accessed. However, this can often be clarified by using brain imaging techniques. Khateb and Annoni et al (1999) recorded event related potentials (ERP’s) during a semantic and a phonological reading task to determine the time period when semantic and phonological processing start to differently activate the neuronal language network in the brain. From the results the researchers found that these differences did not significantly occur. Event related potentials are linked to the use of EEG which is based on recordings of electrical brain activity measured at the surface of the scalp; ERP is a way of resolving one of the limitations of the EEG technique. ERP involves presenting the same stimulus to participants several times, as this resolves any spontaneous or background brain activity from obscuring the impact of the processing of the stimulus on the recording. ERP’s have a number of strengths in terms of their contributions towards research. They provide good temporal resolution, can indicate when a given process occurred to within a few milliseconds, e.g. in Khateb, Annoni et al’s study the difference between activation of semantic and phonological processing was only for 100 milliseconds. This technique also provides detailed information about the time course of brain activity, compared to a lot of other techniques. However, the technique does not precisely indicate which regions of the brain are m ost involved in processing. Cao, Bitan and Booth (2008) used dynamic casual modelling (DCM) and MRI to examine the effective connectivity between three regions in the left hemisphere of the brain in children with and without reading difficulties when completing a rhyming judgement task. The researchers found that the modulatory effect from the left fusiform gyrus to the left inferior parietal lobule was weaker in children with reading difficulties when completing the conflicting trials of the rhyming judgement task (where the words had either similar orthography but different phonology, or had different orthography and phonology). Another finding is that the modulatory effect from the left fusiform gyrus to the inferior frontal gyrus was significantly greater in conflicting trials than non – conflicting trials in the children in the control group; however, this was not apparent in the children with reading difficulties. The final finding was that the modulatory effect from the left inferior frontal gyrus to the left inferior parietal lobe and the bidirectional modulatory effects between the left inferior parietal lobule and medial frontal gyrus were positively correlated with reading skills in the control group of children only. MRI tells us about the structure of the brain by using radio waves to excite atoms in the brain, which produces magnetic changes which are detected by a large magnet; these changes are then interpreted by a computer and changed into a very precise 3d image. However, as most cognitive psychologists wish to look at the functions of the brain rather than the structure, MRI can be a limited technique to use when studying human cognitions. This can be resolved though by using the fMRI technique which looks at the functions of the brain. Meyler and Keller et al (2007) used fMRI to examine brain activity during a visual sentence comprehension task among poor and high ability readers. Meyler and Keller et al used a higher level comprehension task in order to expand on previous research which found a reduced or absent activation in the left parietotemporal and occipitotemporal cortices in individuals who suffer from dyslexia or have a low reading ability. The results form Meyer et al’s research found that poor reading ability was associated with reduced activation in those areas compared to those of higher reading ability. There was also a positive linear relationship between reading ability and cortical activation in Wernicke’s area, the right inferior parietal lobule, and the left post central gyrus. Mechelli and Crinion et al (2005) using fMRI wanted to build on the theory that readers employ word specific knowledge and general information about how a combination of words corresponds to phonological representations by exploring how neuronal interactions within the reading system are influenced by word type. The pars triangularis showed increased activation for exception words compared to pseudo words, however, in the dorsal premotor cortex, increased activation was found for pseudowords compared to exception words, and finally the pars occercularis showed increased activation in exception words compared to regular words, and for pseudo words compared to regular words. Bavelier et al (1997 as cited by Pinel 2011) used fMRI to measure the brain activity of participants whilst they read silently. The fMRI used in this study was particularly sensitive meaning that the researchers could identify areas of activity more accurately than in previous studies. The researchers recorded brain activity during the reading of sentences. The participants completed in periods of silent reading followed by a control period where they were presented with strings of consonants, which served as a basis for determining those areas of cortical activity associated with reading. Bavelier at al found in the lateral cortical surfaces which were monitored that there was a difference in the cortical activity. The results showed tiny areas of activity separated by areas of inactivity, these patches of activity were variable, and differed between participants, and from trial to trial on the same participant. Although some of the activity was observed in the classic Wernicke â₠¬â€œ geschwind area, it was widespread over the lateral surface of the brain. It was found that there was significant activity in the right hemisphere, however considerably more activity was detected in the left hemisphere. FMRI assesses distortions in the local magnetic field and provides a measure of the concentration of deoxyhaemoglobin in the blood. This technique shows temporal and spatial resolution at a higher level than PET. However, there are flaws with this technique as it provides an indirect measure of underlying neural activity. Also, as this technique involves the participants being encased into a scanner, some participants can feel uncomfortable, find it upsetting and experience side effects (Cooke, Peel, Shaw, Senior 2007 as cited by Eysenck and Keane 2010). The use of the experimental cognitive psychology approach provides a good basis for cognitive neuroscience research to study further, as although it can provide some explanation for what processes may be involved in reading, it cannot provide specific information on what part of the brain these processes occur in, or in what order and so forth. By combining both the experimental cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience approaches, more in depth research can be conducted. For example, Cao, Bitan and Booth’s study with combines the use of DCM, MRI and a rhyming judgement task provides more information and explanations for poorer reading abilities. Or Mechelli and Crinion et al’s research combined the use of fMRI and a phonological task finding that there are distinct regions within the left prefrontal cortex activated differently depending on the word type being read. Finally, the use of cognitive neuropsychology provides explanations for the processes involved in reading by studying patients with brain damage who have issues in certain cognitions presumed to be involved in reading, and examining which parts of the brain are damaged. Word Count: 2071 References: Cao, F., Bitan, T. and Booth, J. (2008) ‘Effective brain connectivity with reading difficulties during phonological processing’ Brain and Language Vol. 107 pp. 91 – 101 [online] Cummine, J., Dai, W., Borowsky, R., Gould, L., Rollans, C. and Boliek, C. (2013) ‘Investigating the ventral – lexical, dorsal – sublexical model of basic reading processes using diffusion tensor imaging’ Brain Structure and Function Vol. 218, No.6 [online] Eysenck, M. and Keane, M (2010) Cognitive Psychology A Student’s Handbook 6th ed. New York: Psychology Press Khateb, A., Annoni, J-M., Landis, T., Pegna, A., Custodi, M-C., Fonteneau, E., Morand, S. and Michel, C. (1999) ‘Spatio-temporal analysis of electric brain activity during semantic and phonological word processing’ International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol.32 pp. 215-231 [online] Mechelli, A., Crinion, J., Long, S., Friston, K., Lambon Ralph, M., Patterson, K., McClelland, J. and Price, C. (2005) ‘Dissociating Reading Processes on the Basis of Neuronal Interactions’, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Vol17. No.11, pp 1753 – 1765 [online] Meyler, A., Keller, T., Cherkassky, V., Lee, D., Hoeft, F., Whitfield-Gabrielli, S., Gabrielle, J. and Just., M (2007) ‘Brain Activation during Sentence Comprehension among Good and Poor Readers’, Cerebal Cortex, Vol 17. No.12, pp. 2780 – 2787 [online] Pinel, J. (2011) Biopsychology 8th ed. Boston: Pearson Education

Problems in Air Traffic Control and Proposed Solutions Essay -- Aviati

Problems in Air Traffic Control and Proposed Solutions In northern California this summer, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) unintentionally performed it's first operational test of "free flight"; aviation without direct air traffic control. This was an unintentional experiment because it was a result of a total shut-down of the Oakland Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC). Although Oakland is only the 16th busiest ARTCC, it's responsible for the largest block of airspace of any ATC facility; 18 million square miles. Oakland directs all upper-level flight from San Luis Obispo, California to the California/Oregon boarder, including most Pacific oceanic routes. The failure happened at 7:13 a.m. local time during the morning "departure push". Controllers estimated there were 60-80 aircraft under their control when the power died. All radar screens went dark and all radios went silent. It took 45 minutes to restore radios and bring up a backup radar system. It was more than an hour before the main radar presentations came on line. One controller described the sudden quiet in the control suite as "the loudest silence I've ever heard" (UPI , 1995). He went on to say there was "panic on everybody's face" as they realized they had been rendered deaf, dumb, and blind by this catastrophic equipment failure. It took a few minutes for controllers to realize the shut-down had affected the entire facility. There was no book procedure to cover this emergency scenario, so most controllers improvised. Controllers in adjourning Los Angeles, Salt Lake, and Seattle ARTCCs and various Terminal Radar Approach Controls (TRACON; the level of radar coverage below upper-level ARTCC radar) were asked to take control over all airspace within their radar coverage, and divert aircraft under their control inbound to Northern California. Control towers in San Francisco, Oakland, San Jose, Sacramento, and other airports in the area were instructed to hold all IFR departures on the ground. The most difficult problem was getting notification to the airborne flight crews. In one case, controller Mike Seko said, "We had Napa tower telling high altitude aircraft Oakland Center had lost everything, and to switch to emergency frequencies" (Seko, UPI, 1995). But most airborne aircraft on Oakland Center frequencies were in a state of "l... ...ly privatize it, another to rework it from within, and a few other variations of those. Legislators have their own reasons to support certain bills; is our safety one of them? The Federal Times editorial sums up an everyday controllers concern. He's the one working with that aged computer equipment, he's the one working the unnecessarily long shifts, he's the one scared every day his screen will go dark during the morning rush hour. I would be inclined to listen very closely to his concerns and follow his recommendations towards a solution. The FAA's Quality statement declares the agency as an organization dedicated to "eliminating barriers, improving communication, providing additional opportunities for training, and constantly encouraging all personnel to seek ways to improve". The FAA is proud of its Quality activities because they "foster such initiatives as continuous improvement of work processes, empowerment of employees, partnering of labor and management, and re- engineering". (World Wide Web FAA Home-page, 1995) These are very lofty goals that always require improvement. But will disaster strike before their processes gets us a new ATC system?

My First Day in School

Today also when I recall my old memories of school I become delighted and happy. First day of my school when I admitted in class I. When first time I entered in my school numerous felling were aroused in my mind and i was felling nervous and bit tensed. Although I was not a brilliant student not knowing even alphabets my teachers helped me in learning the alphabetsThat was the time when my first class began Manisha Ma’am entered in the class room every student stood up and greeted good morning Ma’am in return Ma’am replied very good morning sit down I also followed them Ma’am teaches us alphabets and how to use those alphabets in formulating the sentences and words then bell rang Ma’am went outside. Again next teacher entered in the class room and we stood up and greeted good morning Ma’am. Ma’am did not recognised my face as she had never seen me before in the class she immediately asked me the question very politely â€Å"Is this yo ur first class? I replied yes Ma’am then she asked my name I answered â€Å"Rashda Khanam† she said ok Rashda sit down her name was Priyanka very soft, polite and beautiful too. Again the bell rang this time nobody entered in the class room and every student went away along with their lunch box. My mother also gave me the lunch box filled with alu paratha and tomatao chutney. I opened the box and started eating, suddenly my one of my classmate again entered in the class room and said me very politely â€Å"why are you seating alone? come outside I went outside with her along with my lunch box and water bottle hanging in my neck, we all shared our lunch and I became friendly with everybody in the first day of my school, bell rang recess over every body were settled down at their respective places and waiting for the next teacher to come, within 5 mins miss Angilee entered in the class room and asked for the assignment she assigned previous day I found the teacher trict I was seating silently, miss wrote some arithmetics on the blackboard 45 mins passed bell rang every body came out from the class waited for their guardian at the door to come and took them. I saw my father was standing outside with chocolate ice-cream my favourite and then happily I reached my home and shared my first day experience with my parents. So this was my first day school and I am very pleased in recalling that day.

Physics Lab Report What Keeps a Stopper Moving in a Circle Essays

Physics Lab Report What Keeps a Stopper Moving in a Circle Essays Physics Lab Report What Keeps a Stopper Moving in a Circle Paper Physics Lab Report What Keeps a Stopper Moving in a Circle Paper Practice whirling the stopper in a horizontal plane until you can keep the paper clip a short distance just below the bottom of the tube. If the paper clip touches the bottom of the tube, then the clamp is no longer supplying the centripetal force. If the paper clips rises or falls appreciably as the stopper whirls then the radius of the circle is changing. B. Constant Radius and Variable Speed 3. With the paper clip against the tube and the string pulled taut, measure the length of the string from the top of the tube to the stopper. Record this as the radius, r, for all three data runs in 4. Whirl the stopper while maintaining a constant force reading on the scale. Once you obtain a constant force, start the stop watch and continue the whirling while monitoring the force. Stop the stopwatch after 30 rev. 5. Record your force and time in data table 1, data run 1. 6. Increase the rate of whirling while maintaining the clip just below the bottom of the tube, and observe what happens to the tension measured by the spring scale. It should increase. Repeat step 4 t this higher spring force. 7. Record your force and time in data table 1, data run 1. 8. Repeat step 6 and record the data in table 1, data run 2. C. Contact force and Variable Radius 9. Change the position of the paper clip to decrease the radius uniform circular motion for the stopper. Try to get as small a radius as you can and still be able to maintain a constant force. 10. Whirl the stopper while maintaining a constant force on the scale. Start the stop watch and continue the whirling while monitoring the force. Stop the stopwatch after 30 rev. 11. Record your force and time in data table 2, data run 1. With the paper clip against the bottom of the tube and the string pulled taut, measure the length of the string from the top of the tube to the stopper. Record this as the radius, r, in table 2, data run 1. 12. Change the position of the paper clip to increase the radius uniform circular motion for the stopper. Repeat step 10 at the same spring force as data run 1 . 13. Record your force and time in data table 2, data run 1. With the paper clip against the bottom of the tube and the string pulled taut, measure the length of the string from the top of the tube to the stopper. Record this as the radius, r, in table 2, data run 2. 14. Repeat step 12 measure the length of the string from the top of the tube to the stopper. Record this as the radius, r, in table 2, data run 2. Number of Revs 30 Table 1 Time ass IIS as Radius 0. 3 m 0. Mm Table 2 8. 94 s ass 0. 1 m 0. 2 m 3. 4. 1 . What does your data show about the relationship between centripetal force and change in speed at a constant radius of circular motion? 1 . As the speed increases the centripetal force also increases. 2. What do your data show about the relationship between radius of circular motion and change in speed at a constant centripetal force? 2. As the radius increases so does the speed of the stopper. 3. Analysis the resulting plot. Is there a pattern? If so what does the pattern mean? 4. Formulate an equation for the relationship between the spring force and the centripetal acceleration of the stopper. What does this equation tell you about the spring force? This shows that the spring force is in direct relation to the centripetal force. 5. Justify the method of recording time for 30 rev to minimize the error associated with calculating the speed of the stopper. In other labs you have used multiple data runs and averaged the data to minimize the random error associated with measuring. Why did you not have to do that on 5. To get the most accurate time we had the person timing also count the revolutions of the stopper. And we didnt have to do multiple data runs because the time is the least important In this lab we found that the variables of circular motion are directly related. We accomplished our goal which was to relate the variables involved in uniform circular motion. I also proved my hypothesis incorrect, my hypothesis was that the velocity of the stopper will increase as the radius is shortened, which in fact as the radius was shortened the velocity decreased. In this lab there were several sources of error, the stopper was spinning so fast we may have miss counted how many revolutions it had, and the force was not constant the entire time.

Teenage Capital Punishment essays

Teenage Capital Punishment essays The U.S. Supreme Court will later this year hear a case that will use our scientific advantages to determine the outcome. Researchers are looking further into whether a teenager convicted of murder should receive capital punishment or not. J. Anthony Movshon, a neuroscientist from New York University, said [the] brain data [that we have collected] create [s] reasonable doubt that a teenager can be held culpable for a crime to the same extent that an adult is. The researchers believe that the delayed frontal-lobe maturation of teenagers may affect their ability to make long-term plans and control their impulses, which means that the teenagers convicted of murder may not be completely culpable for their crimes; their brain development (or lack of) may be also to blame. Although much evidence supports this theory, Kagan, a Harvard researcher, logically argues that if incomplete brains automatically reduce adolescents capacity to restrain their darker urges, we should be having Columbin e incidents every week. The researchers supporting the theory that teenagers shouldnt receive capital punishment for murders tested and found that most teenagers are unable to identify emotion from facial expression due to an undeveloped section of the brain called the amygdala. Due to the fact that the amygdala is not fully functional in most teenagers, they could also mistake some emotions for threats, which may drive them to murder. This article will directly affect juveniles convicted of murder, but may also change how society looks at the teenage brain. If the research done does end up being true, then society may see that teenagers are not just like adults, but not because of hormones, because of their underdeveloped brain. In this article, this issue is addressed as a life-or-death problem, which is true because whatever the Supreme Court decides could determine whether some teenagers live or die. I liked ...